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Thrickodithanam Mahavishnu Temple
Divya Desams,Pancha Pandava Temples
The Divya Kshetram was built by Sahadeva of Pandavas and it is one of the 108 Divyadesams.Once all Pancha Pandavas got the perfect featured Mahavishnu idols except Sahadeva.A long search and tapas went in vain. The depressed Sahadeva decided to end his life jumping to a fire pyre. Then all of a sudden a miraculous idol of Chathurbahu Vishnu emerged from the fire.The idol, being a great surprise, then popularly called as Atbhuta Narayana. A monthly Sravana Deepams (festival of light) is performed.
Sthalam

 

Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu and located in Thrikkodithanam, Kottayam District, Kerala, South India. Constructed in the Kerala style of architecture, the temple is glorified in the Divya Prabandha, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Azhwar saints from the 6th–9th centuries AD.

It is one of the 108 Divyadesam dedicated to Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, who is worshipped as MahaVishnu. The nearest railway station to the temple is located in Changanassery, while the nearest airport is Cochin International Airport.


It is one of the five ancient shrines in the Kottayam-Alappuzha-Pathanamthitta area of Kerala, connected with the legend of Mahabharata, where the five Pandavas are believed to have built one temple each; Thrichittatt Maha Vishnu Temple by Yudhishthira, Puliyur Mahavishnu Temple by Bheema, Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple by Arjuna, Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple by Nakula and Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple by Sahadeva. 

 

Puranam

 

It is one of the five ancient shrines around the Chengannur area of Kerala, connected with the legend of Mahabharata. Legend has it that the Pandava princes, after crowning Parikshit as king of Hastinapura left on a pilgrimage. On arriving on the banks of river Pamba, each one is believed to have installed a tutelary image of Krishna; 

Thrichittatt Maha Vishnu Temple by Yudhishthira, Puliyur Mahavishnu Temple by Bheema, Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple by Arjuna, Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple by Nakula and Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple by Sahadeva.

The Divya Kshetram was built by Sahadeva of Pandavas. King Rukmangatha of Surya Vamsa undertook Ekadasi Vratham and gifted all his punyas to Devas by which he reached Devaloka. There are also shrines for Krishna and Narasimha. Another legend is that temple servant being cursed by the deity to turn into a stone as he delayed the opening of the temple doors making the devotees to wait for Darshan.

The statue of the servant can be seen in front of the temple. A monthly Sravana Deepams (festival of light) is performed.

 

 

The temple’s historical relevance is referred in the ‘Unnineeli Sandesam’ scripted in the year 537. In the temple inscriptions and hymns it is stated that King of Venad Sree Vallabhankotta used to visit the temple to partake in Uttirotsav (Uthrolsav). There also exists a story behind the name Atbhuta Narayana, referring to the main idol, Lord Mahavishnu.

Once all the other siblings of Panchapandavas received the perfect featured Mahavishnu idols except Sahadeva, the youngest of the five. A long search and tapas went in vain. The depressed Sahadeva decided to end his life jumping to a fire pyre. Then all of a sudden a miraculous idol of Chathurbahu Vishnu emerged from the fire.

The idol, being a great surprise, then popularly called as Atbhuta Narayana. The main idol in the temple is said to have worshipped by Sahadeva.The main idol in the temple is said to have worshipped by Sahadeva.Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu and located in Thrikkodithanam, Kottayam District, Kerala, South India. Constructed in the Kerala style of architecture, the temple is glorified in the Divya Prabandha, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Azhwar saints from the 6th–9th centuries AD.

It is one of the 108 Divyadesam dedicated to Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, who is worshipped as MahaVishnu. It is one of the five ancient shrines in the Kottayam-Alappuzha-Pathanamthitta area of Kerala, connected with the legend of Mahabharata, where the five Pandavas are believed to have built one temple each; Thrichittatt Maha Vishnu Temple by Yudhishthira, Puliyur Mahavishnu Temple by Bheema, Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple by Arjuna, Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple by Nakula and Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple by Sahadeva. 

 

 

The presiding deity in the temple is Athpudha Narayanan, who is also named as "Amirutha Narayanan". The presiding deity is sported in standing posture facing the east direction.

His consort is Karpagavalli.The temple is built in Kerala style architecture. The temple has a two storeyed gopuram or a gateway tower, with the upper storey having wooden trails covering the Kottupura, the hall of drum beating during festivals. A rectangular wall around the temple, called Kshetra-Madilluka pierced by the gateways, encloses all the shrines of the temple.

The metal plated flagpost or Dwajasthambam and the Deepastamba, the light post, are located axial to the temple tower leading to the sanctum. Chuttuambalam is the outer pavilion located within the temple walls. The sanctum and the associated hall is located in a rectangular structure called Nallambalam that has pillared halls and corridors.

 

Varnam

The shrines in the temple

Between the entrance of Nallambalam to the sanctum, there is a raised square platform called Namaskara Mandapa (altar) which has a pyramidal roof. Thevrapura, the kitchen used to cook offering to the deity is located on the left of Namaskara Mandapa from the entrance. Balithara is an altar is used for making ritualistic offering to demi-gods and the festive deities.

The sanctum called Sreekovil, houses the image of the presiding deity. It is on an elevated platform with a single door reached through a flight of five steps. Either sides of the doors have images of guardian deities called Dvarapalakas. As per Kerala rituals, only the main priest called Thantri and the second priest called Melshanthi alone can enter the Sree Kovil.

The central shrine has a circular plan with the base built of granite, superstructure built of laterite and conical roof made of terracotta tile supported from inside by a wooden structure. The lower half of Sree Kovil consists of the basement, the pillar or the wall, called stambha or bhithi and the entablature called prasthara in the ratio 1:2:1, in height.

Similarly the upper half is divided into the neck called griva, the roof tower called shikhara and the finial kalasam (made of copper) in the same ratio. The roof projects in two levels to protect the inner structure from heavy rains during monsoon. The roof of the temple and some of the pillars have lavish wood and stucco carvings depicting various stories of ancient epics, Ramayana and Mahabharatha.

The outer walls around the sanctum have a series of wooden frames housing an array of lamps, which are lit during festive occasions. The temples has paintings on its walls dating back to early 18 century.The image of the presiding deity is 6 ft (1.8 m) tall. Krishna is in Vishvarupa pose, the one he depicted to Arjuna during the Mahabharatha war.

 In the second precinct, there are shrines of Sastha, Yakshi, Nagaraja and Erangavil Bhagavathy Balarama in the lower shrine.The temple tank named Bhoomi Theertham is located opposite to the temple. The Vimanam, the roof the sanctum is called Punniya koti Vimaanam.

 

 

Kazhuvetti Kallu at the Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu temple complex

Between the pond and the eastern entrance, near a public platform for arts and discourses, is a strange granite statue. It is a man flat on his back, held up stiff and straight on a stone pillar about six feet high.

Only his waist rests on the pillar, rest of the body is unsupported. He holds a shankhu (conch shell) in his left hand and wears the sacred thread indicative of the Brahmin castes. At one time the statue wore a crown as well. The idol is a stern reminder that bribery, cheating and dishonesty cannot be tolerated.

Anybody who goes after these evils will be met with the capital punishment, such as, that met with the man lying on the stone. Common folklore about this stone idol has a story of jealousy, indiscretion and swift retribution.The ruler of Chembakaserry kingdom was a renowned Nambuthiri Brahmin who took pride in the prosperity of his own kingdom and Sri Krishna temple.

Since temples were then considered keystones to a kingdom's spiritual and temporal well-being, the King decided to embarrass the rulers of Nanrulainattu (capital-Thrikodithanam) by making a deliberate, untimely visit to the famous Vishnu Temple. He arrived in Thrikodithanam after the Seiveli puja (the last ceremony of the day) and after the temple had closed.

It is considered very inauspicious to open a temple after the gods are put to rest, but still, the King forced an entry by bribing a caretaker. When the rulers of Nanrulainattu discovered this indiscretion, they were furious. The caretaker was beheaded and, soon, the Chambakaserry king too fell ill and died.

So this stone figure was installed near the temple entrance to deter any future offenders and to remind everybody of the consequences of disturbing the gods. Another version of the story lays the blame on the king of Ambalapuzha for this surreptitious Darshan.

 

Thrickodithanam 7.JPG

The shrines in the temple

Between the entrance of Nallambalam to the sanctum, there is a raised square platform called Namaskara Mandapa (altar) which has a pyramidal roof. Thevrapura, the kitchen used to cook offering to the deity is located on the left of Namaskara Mandapa from the entrance.

Balithara is an altar is used for making ritualistic offering to demi-gods and the festive deities. The sanctum called Sreekovil, houses the image of the presiding deity. It is on an elevated platform with a single door reached through a flight of five steps. Either sides of the doors have images of guardian deities called Dvarapalakas.

As per Kerala rituals, only the main priest called Thantri and the second priest called Melshanthi alone can enter the Sree Kovil. The central shrine has a circular plan with the base built of granite, superstructure built of laterite and conical roof made of terracotta tile supported from inside by a wooden structure.

The lower half of Sree Kovil consists of the basement, the pillar or the wall, called stambha or bhithi and the entablature called prasthara in the ratio 1:2:1, in height. Similarly the upper half is divided into the neck called griva, the roof tower called shikhara and the finial kalasam (made of copper) in the same ratio.

The roof projects in two levels to protect the inner structure from heavy rains during monsoon. The roof of the temple and some of the pillars have lavish wood and stucco carvings depicting various stories of ancient epics, Ramayana and Mahabharatha. The outer walls around the sanctum have a series of wooden frames housing an array of lamps, which are lit during festive occasions.

The temples has paintings on its walls dating back to early 18 century. The image of the presiding deity is 6 ft (1.8 m) tall. Krishna is in Vishvarupa pose, the one he depicted to Arjuna during the Mahabharatha war. In the second precinct, there are shrines of Sastha, Yakshi, Nagaraja and Erangavil Bhagavathy Balarama in the lower shrine. The temple tank named Bhoomi Theertham is located opposite to the temple. The Vimanam, the roof the sanctum is called Punniya koti Vimaanam. 

 

Sevas

 

Deepa Mahotsavam

A Lord Vishnu temple at Thrikodithanam in Changanassery, believed to be built in the 7th century C.E that holds a fairly good collection of ancient stone carvings, wall inscriptions, mural wall paintings, and wood carvings of deities that include Dasavatharams. The main festival of the temple is Deepa Mahotsavam.

The festival begins on the Thiruvonam asterism in the Malayalam month of Vrichikam and concludes with arattu on the tenth day.  Many vibrant and unique rituals like aashu and seva are conducted in the temple as part of the annual festival. 

 

Monthly Festivals of Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple
There are few festivals that are celebrated every month by the temple authorities:

Ekaadashi and Dwaadashi
This festival is celebrated on the 11th and 12th day of the lunar month. It is day Lord Krishna gave Geethopadesha to Arjuna.

Pradosham
This festival is celebrated on the 13th day of a lunar fortnight. It is a day of fasting and praying to Lord Shiva. It is said that on this Shiva appeared as Nataraja and danced to please the gods.

Chaturthi
This festival is celebrated on the fourth day of a fortnight. It is dedicated to Lord Ganesha to help ward off obstacles.

Sashti
This festival is celebrated on the 6th day of a full moon fortnight. It is dedicated to Subramanya for progeny and prosperity.

Ashtami
On this festival special rituals for Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva are celebrated.

Pournami
It is celebrated on a full moon night.

Annual Festivals of Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple
There are few festivals that are celebrated every year by the temple authorities:

The main festival of the temple is celebrated for 10 days. The main festival of 10 days duration takes place in the lunar month of Vrishchigom (16 November- 15 December). On the ninth day, Thiru Onam of this holy month, the temple flag is hoisted to mark the commencement of festivities.

The first five days of festivities resemble the celebrations of other temple festivals. Daily processions carry Krishna and Sahadeva idols towards East, West, North and South of the temple. From the sixth day many events that are special and unique to Thrikodithanam temple are celebrated. Some of the special ceremonies and arts that mark the festival season are:

Plaam keeyil kottu: It is a percussion session held under the old Jackfruit tree.

 

Description: http://www.keralaculture.org/images/festival_wiki/large/deepa_mahotsavam_33.jpg

Panacchikaletta: This event marks the beginning of Deepa. It begins at around 1:00 AM on the 10th night. South of the temple, at a spot called Edapzhanji padikkal, an orchestra plays the Vikku chenda, Thimila, Chekkil, Ilathaalam for more than an hour. The musicians then proceed westwards.

Chhadi Kottu: On this occasion the orchestra arrives at the western entrance of the temple. After offering prayers to Narasimhamoorthy, they then use the same musical instruments to perform Chaadikottu. In this performance, the drummers leap and jump in a certain way while moving towards the eastern entrance and Deepa site

Otta Kol Kottu: On this occasion performers by drumming with a single stick on the Vikku chenda create a unique rhythm. After this, between 2:00 AM and 3:00 AM, the main ceremony for Deepa begins.

Murian Kulam: It is the ceremonial baths that take place in the temple pond.

Kodi naatin kunnu: It is the hoisting a flag on an adjacent hill.

The spectacular Deepa event is conducted on the north eastern side of the temple Thirumuttom (grounds). It commences after dusk on the 9th Festival Day and carries on until the early hours of 10th day morning.

 

Timings

 

Monday to Sunday: 5am to 11am and 5pm to 8pm

Contact

 

Ayarkkattuvayal Kailathupady, Kodunnattukunnu Road, Changanassery, Kerala 686105, India
Architectural style: Architecture of Kerala
District: Kottayam
Deity: Mahavishnu

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