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Temple Speciality

Temple Name

Sthalam

The&nbsp;Saranathan Temple&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirucherai">Thirucherai</a>, a village on the outskirts of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbakonam">Kumbakonam</a>&nbsp;in the South Indian state of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, is dedicated to the Hindu god&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. The temple is glorified in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divya_Prabandha">Nalayira Divya Prabandham</a>, the early medieval&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_literature">Tamil</a>&nbsp;canon of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvars">Alvar</a>&nbsp;saints from the 6th&ndash;9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divyadesam">Divya Desams</a>&nbsp;dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Saranathan and his consort&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>&nbsp;as Saranayaki. It is believed that Saranathan appeared for Kaveri, the river goddess, who performed penance at this place.

The temple is believed to be of significant antiquity with contributions at different times from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Cholas">Medieval Cholas</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagar_Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_Nayaks">Madurai Nayaks</a>. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and three of the four bodies of water. The&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopuram">rajagopuram</a>, the temple&#39;s gateway tower has five tiers and raises to a height of 120&nbsp;ft (37&nbsp;m). The temple is unique where the presiding deity Vishnu has five consorts. It has also a shrine dedicated to the river Kaveri, which is a unique feature among all Vishnu temples.

Saranathan is believed to have appeared to the goddess&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_in_Hinduism">Kaveri</a>, the sage&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markandeya">Markandeya</a>&nbsp;and the Hindu god&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra">Indra</a>. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the chariot festival, celebrated during the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_calendar">Tamil</a>&nbsp;month of&nbsp;Chittirai&nbsp;(March&ndash;April), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Tamil_Nadu">Government of Tamil Nadu</a>.

Puranam

<h2>egend[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saranathan_temple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1">edit</a>]</h2>

Shrines of Saranathan and Saranayagi

As per Hindu legend, when time came to destroy the world and finish the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuga">yuga</a>, the creator deity,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma">Brahma</a>, was worried. He pleaded&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu">Vishnu</a>&nbsp;to tell him a way to keep the tools necessary for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srishti">srishti</a>&nbsp;(creation) and all the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas">Vedas</a>&nbsp;(scriptures) safe. Vishnu ordered him to put them in a strong mud pot. After trying mud from all places, Brahma finally made a pot out of the sand taken from Thirucherai and saved all Vedas and all necessary aids for creation. Due to the role as saviour for all living things after the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pralaya">Mahapralaya</a>&nbsp;(dissolution) so this place is called &quot;Sara Shetram&quot;.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-1">[1]</a>

All the rivers approached Brahma to find who was most superior amongst them. He said that during the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vamana">Vamana</a>&nbsp;avatar, Vishnu appeared as a dwarf and later became&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vamana">Trivikrama</a>&nbsp;to the king&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabali">Mahabali</a>. He placed his third foot on the demon king and cleansed the river&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga">Ganga</a>&nbsp;(Ganges) by placing his foot in it. Based on the narration, Brahma quoted that Ganga was the holiest of all rivers. The goddess&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaveri">Kaveri</a>&nbsp;wanted her status to be equal to Ganga and performed a severe penance. To test her devotion, Vishnu appeared in the form of a child in front of her. Realising the anonymity, Kaveri treated the child with care and motherly devotion. Vishnu was pleased with her devotion and revealed all his ten&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar">avatars</a>&nbsp;to her and asked her to visit Sara Kshetram and have a holy dip in the Sara Pushkarani.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-M-2">[2]</a>&nbsp;He also granted her the boon that during the&nbsp;Tula&nbsp;month (October - November), she would be considered superior to Ganga.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

<h2>History[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saranathan_temple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2">edit</a>]</h2>

Image of the temple towers

There are two inscriptions in the temple from the period of Chola Parakesari Varman (906-946 AD) and Babasahib of Madavipallam (1728&ndash;38) indicating various grants to the temple. The temple is believed to be of significant antiquity with contributions at different times from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Cholas">Medieval Cholas</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagar_Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_Nayaks">Madurai Nayaks</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-M-2">[2]</a>&nbsp;The crown of some of the images from the Chola period show influence of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist">Buddhist</a>&nbsp;tradition in the region.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-4">[4]</a>&nbsp;The metal image of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita">Sita</a>&nbsp;is believed to be a classic example of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_Art">Chola Art</a>&nbsp;during the 9th-10th centuries.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

After the fall of the Vijayanagar empire in Tanjore, Alagiya Manavala Naicker who ruled Tanjore planned to erect a temple for Rajagopala swamy in Mannarkudi. He appointed his minister Narasa Boopalan for this job. He was to get Blackstones from all possible places. This minister was a great worshipper of Saranatha Perumal of Thirucherai and wanted to erect a temple for him too. So he ordered his men to unload one stone from each cart which passed Thirucherai. A spy of the king caught hold of this and informed the king. The angered king came for an inspection. But before that overnight Narasa Boopalan constructed this temple and to please the king he added a shrine for Rajagopala swamy. His plan worked and he was saved from the king&#39;s anger after that the king ordered him to complete the temple with his money.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-7">[7</a>

Varnam

<h2>Architecture[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saranathan_temple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3">edit</a>]</h2>

Image of the temple towers

The temple is 380&nbsp;ft (120&nbsp;m) long and 380&nbsp;ft (120&nbsp;m) wide. The temple has a temple tank in front of the temple with the same dimension. The five-tiered&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopuram">gopuram</a>&nbsp;(temple tower) is 120&nbsp;ft (37&nbsp;m) tall and pierces the large compound wall around the temple. There is a second gopuram that is three-storied and it is located in the first precinct around the sanctum. The presiding deity, Sarantha has a 12&nbsp;ft (3.7&nbsp;m) tall image in standing posture. The stone images of Kaveri and sage&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markandeya">Markandeya</a>&nbsp;are housed in the sanctum. The festival deity is accompanied by&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhudevi">Bhudevi</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi">Sridevi</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niladevi">Niladevi</a>. A small idol of Santhanakrishna and Selvar is also housed in the sanctum. The shrine of Saranatha&#39;s consort Saranayaki Thayar is located adjacent to the sanctum. The image of both the main idol and the festival image in the Thayar are depicted in a seated posture. In the second precinct there is a Kalayana hall, where there is a shrine of Rajagoplaswamy. The images of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukmini">Rukmini</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathyabhama">Satyabhama</a>&nbsp;are also housed in the same shrine. In front of the shrine, the shrine of Thiruvenkatamudayam is situated. There are separate shrines of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Rama">Rama</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narashima">Narashima</a>, Kaliyamardhana, Bala Saranatha,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishvaksena">Senai Mudaliar</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azhwar">Alvars</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a>&nbsp;in the temple.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudikondan_River">Mudikondan River</a>&nbsp;flows from the west and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudamurutti_River">Kudamurutti River</a>&nbsp;in the south of the temple. There is a shrine of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanuman">Hanuman</a>&nbsp;from the west end of the temple tank and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinayaka">Vinayaka</a>&nbsp;from the north-eastern side.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-Rao-8">[8]</a>

The goddess&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauvery">Kaveri</a>&nbsp;is seen in a maternal posture with a child on her lap.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-9">[9]</a>&nbsp;The temple is one of the few places where there is a separate shrine for this deity.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

&nbsp;

Highlights

Sevas/Festivals

<h2>Festivals and religious practices[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saranathan_temple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4">edit</a>]</h2>

Temple tree

The temple priests perform the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)">puja</a>&nbsp;(rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis based on Pancharatra Agama. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnavism">Vaishnavaite</a>&nbsp;community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day:&nbsp;Ushathkalam&nbsp;at 7 a.m.,&nbsp;Kalasanthi&nbsp;at 8:00&nbsp;a.m.,&nbsp;Uchikalam&nbsp;at 12:00&nbsp;p.m.,&nbsp;Sayarakshai&nbsp;at 6:00&nbsp;p.m.,&nbsp;Irandamkalam&nbsp;at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. and&nbsp;Ardha Jamam&nbsp;at 10:00&nbsp;p.m. Each ritual has three steps:&nbsp;alangaram&nbsp;(decoration),&nbsp;neivethanam&nbsp;(food offering) and&nbsp;deepa aradanai&nbsp;(waving of lamps) for both Saranatha Perumal and Saranayagi. During the last step of worship,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagaswaram">nadasvaram</a>&nbsp;(pipe instrument) and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavil">tavil</a>&nbsp;(percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas">Vedas</a>&nbsp;(sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconography_of_Shiva_temples_in_Tamil_Nadu#Dvajasthamba_and_Pali_Peedam">temple mast</a>. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-dinamalar-11">[11]</a>

The major festival, the twelve-day Brahmotsavam is celebrated during the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_calendar">Tamil month</a>&nbsp;of Thai (January - February). It is believed that it only on the auspicious day of Pushya star of the month that Vishnu descended from Vaikuntam to earth to bestow Kaveri. Rathotsavam, the temple car is drawn during the ninth day of the festival. The other Vaishnavite festivals like&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a>, Karthigai, Tamil New Year, Margazhi ten-day festival, Sankaranthi, Panguni Uthiram and Rohini Utsavam are celebrated.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-M-2">[2]</a>

<h2>Religious significance[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saranathan_temple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5">edit</a>]</h2>

The feet of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama">Rama</a>

The temple is revered in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalayira_Divya_Prabandham">Nalayira Divya Prabandham</a>, the 7th&ndash;9th century&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnava</a>&nbsp;canon, by&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirumangai_Azhwar">Thirumangai Alvar</a>&nbsp;in eleven hymns. The temple is classified as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divyadesam">Divya Desam</a>, one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the compilation. He has mentioned the devotees of Saranatha who are deeply immersed in Narayana. Divya Kavi Pillai Perumal Aiyangar in his&nbsp;Ashta Prabanda&nbsp;states that people should not waste their time glorifying wealthy men, but should laud the greatness of the almighty.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-M-2">[2]</a>&nbsp;This is the only Divya Desam where Vishnu is seen with five consorts. The temple is represented in five divine elements of Perumal, Nachiyar,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimana">Vimana</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theertha">Tirtha</a>&nbsp;and land and hence called Tirucherai.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-M-2">[2]</a>&nbsp;A Chola king named Satyakeerthi is believed to have worshipped the presiding deity for childbirth and had a son.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-R-12">[12]</a>

During the coronation of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama">Rama</a>, the avatar of Vishnu,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibishana">Vibishana</a>&nbsp;was presented the sacrosanct Sri Ranga Vimana. He was carrying it all the way to his kingdom of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanka">Lanka</a>&nbsp;and midway, to rest, he placed the image on the banks of Kaveri. After performing his routine&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)">puja</a>, he tried to lift the Vimana, but it could not be lifted.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavishnu">Mahavishnu</a>&nbsp;appeared to him and said that he desired to stay as&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranganatha">Ranganatha</a>&nbsp;in the place, which went on to become&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srirangam">Srirangam</a>. Vishnu also desired to watch the Brahmotsavam at Tirucherai. The festivals of the temple are thus considered sacred.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-M-2">[2]</a>&nbsp;The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Kaveri">river Kaveri</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-Ka-13">[13]</a>

As per a local legend, the king of Thanjavur sent material through his minister Narcapapular to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajagopalaswamy_Temple,_Mannargudi">Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi</a>, but the minister used the material to build the Thirucherai temple. The king discovered this and wanted to punish the minister. The minister is believed to have prayed to Tirucherai deity to save him from the punishment. But upon seeing the form of Mannargudi temple in this temple, the king relented.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranathan_temple#cite_note-R-12">[12]</a>

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